When people are pedalling our
generators, they expect more pedalling to produce more
effect. To some extent this happens naturally; light bulbs get
brighter, the inflatable binliner monster gets bigger and so on.
However this doesn't work on everything and they also expect the volume
on the iPod Booster to increase or more things to power up as they
produce more energy.
This is quite a common requirement and I've been asked several times by
pedal generator builders about good ways of doing it. There is a
circuit for a basic progressive light bulb display in our Children's
Pedal Generator DIY page, but it's relatively complicated to build and
uses a lot of separate components.
Earlier this year I came up with a simpler
and more versatile circuit. So far I've built three or four variants
which all worked OK, and thrashed the original around various primary
schools and Green events so it's still not exactly a fully proven
design but if you do a copy it shouldn't need much debugging.
It
uses the ULN2003A Darlington Driver chip which was originally designed
to operate relays from the output of old TTL or CMOS logic circuits. It
was also sometimes used to operate the pin driver coils in dot matrix
printers as well as seven segment LED indicators - it conveniently has
seven sections. It turns out that if you put an extra resistor in
series with the input it can be made to work as crude voltage threshold
switch. (If you download its data sheet and look at the circuit diagram
it should be fairly obvious why this works). A resistor of 68k makes it
turn on at about 10V and 100k gives
14.3V. A range of values in between will produce a corresponding range
of turn on voltages suitable for use with a 12V pedal generator.
In my prototype I used eight 10 Watt car
bulbs. The first one was wired straight across the input voltage and
the remaining seven turned on progressively by 5 Amp relays switched by
the seven sections of the ULN2003A chip. This is quite tidy as it
exactly used all the sections of the chip, but you could either leave
some unused or add in some of the sections of a second ULN2003A if you
want more channels - they're cheap enough and available from Maplin as
well as more industrial suppliers. You might notice from the picture
that I actually used two different types of relays in the prototype,
but they're all 12V 5A rated.
Sometime this design might find its way into the proper DIY design
pages (probably when I finally get around to a major update...)
The two 1N4003 diodes in
the top left hand corner of the diagram are for polarity protection in
case someone accidentally connects it the wrong way around - you
wouldn't need to include them if you were building it into the pedal
generator.
The capacitor at the bottom is 1000uF on mine. I put it in
to reduce the effect of voltage fluctuations caused by the input
voltage going up and down during crank revolutions; the value's not at
all critical and the one I used was recycled like a lot of the parts I
get. The diodes are similarly uncritical and almost any 1A rated diode
will do. The lamps are standard 10W bayonet fitting car ones; I shoved
them through 16mm holes in the metal front panel and soldered wires
directly on to them rather than spend out on holders. The conductors
shown as thick lines need to be rated at least 10 Amps as that's what
the thing will take when someone manages to pedal hard enough to light
all the lamps. This happens relatively rarely in primary schools even
when the teachers have a go.
I got all the bought parts in mine from Farnell, but it looks like you
could also get them from Maplin as well:
| Maplin |
Farnell |
|
| 1N4003 |
QL75S |
956 5019 |
| ULN2003A |
AD93B |
109 4421 |
| Relay 12V 5A |
JM67X |
117 5012 |
If you make one don't forget to wire pin 9 of the
ULN2003A to the positive relay power as that's what protects the
outputs from back emf from the relay coils. Our stuff is all reverse
polarity protected so the kids can connect it to any generator
themselves - if you connect it up the wrong way around only the bottom
lamp will light up. I've also made a few of these for lighting a row of
recycled christmas tree light LED's as a basic voltage indicator; if
you do that you can leave out the relays as each output will switch up
to 500mA but you'll need to put in appropriate series resistors for the
LED's.
Obviously the ULN2003A is not a precision device and if you get one
from a different production batch you might have to make slight changes
to the input resistors to shift the voltage range up or down. There
might also be a tendency for the voltage thresholds to be temperature
dependent but we haven't noticed any change in the performance of ours
outside or in heated halls.